Hearing factualism has been approved widely, which emphasizes that the adjudication from the court should base on the fa摘要听证事实主义强调法院的裁判要以法庭听证的事实为依据，强调审判的直接性和亲历性，因而被广泛认同。
However, in contemporary time, hearing factualism is not only limited by the institutional environment, but also challen但是，听证事实主义在当代，既有制度环境上的局限，也有来自生物智能的挑战。