The tracheal intubations were done under neuroleptanalgesia combined with topical spray of local anesthetic in 439 patie其中439例采用神经安定镇痛-口咽表面麻醉，629例采用静脉麻醉药镇静-小剂量肌松药麻醉，1757例采用全静脉或吸入麻醉。