These results, combined with earlier work, suggest that a distress response to a noxious stimuli may be almost entirely 这些结果与早期研究综合表明，对伤害性刺激的不良应激反应可能完全是皮层下的，然而，对疼痛鉴别的良好判断和情感性加重在局部可能为皮层水平。