Abstract：Although a millennium ago the Middle East was not an economic laggard， by the 18th century it exhibited clear signs of economic backwardness.
Abstract：Although a millennium ago the Middle East was not an economic laggard， by the 18th century it exhibited clear signs of economic backwardness.
虽然一千年以前中东地区经济发展并不落后，但到了十八世纪，其经济发展滞后的特征已很明显。